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  跪求高手翻译 - vipman2006 [ 2006-03-15 20:38 | 6,816 byte(s)]
Re: 跪求高手翻译 - 375158434 [ 2007-02-11 16:11 | 3,580 byte(s)]
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The Embedded Linux Business Model
Embedded systems designers have always reluctantly faced the prospect of purchasing development tools. First comes the sticker shock from per-seat proprietary tool sets priced from $10,000 to $20,000. Next comes the haggling over run-time pricing. While some typically low-end embedded OS vendors offer run-time buy-out options, most impose a heavy deployment royalty, not just on the kernel but on every useful component. These run-time costs significantly raise real development costs, or impact the cost-of-goods-sold of your product, thinning sometimes precarious margins and threatening your time-to-volume.
Proprietary embedded OS vendors attempt to front-load their commercial relationships (even those charging royalties), and thereby have little or no interest or patience in seeing a project through to completion. "Drive-by selling" is common — repeat business comes from technology lock-in, not excellence in service. Therefore, most commercial embedded OS vendors enjoy only a 10-15% support renewal rate
Contrast the embedded Linux business model. Instead of doling out intellectual property, embedded Linux suppliers offer subscriptions, professional services, and in MontaVista’s case, a standardized embedded Linux distribution (MontaVista Linux). Charging a reasonable fee for embedded Linux subscriptions, based upon a stable, validated distribution, represents a very viable long-term business strategy.
This new business model leverages the breadth of Linux technology and open source components to accelerate customer time-to-market, optimizes the cost of ownership of development resources, and places the focus on the customer-supplier relationship. Embedded Linux suppliers, like MontaVista, must (and do) prove their worth by combining Linux and open source credentials with embedded and real-time expertise, in a professional support organization. The benefit to you, the embedded developer, is a supplier who lives or dies upon your project’s success.
The Future of Embedded Linux
To foster the mainstreaming of embedded in embedded applications, several enabling technologies will emerge in the next 12 months:
Embedded Processor Support:
While at present most Linux distributions focus on Intel Pentium, the year 2000 will bring support for a variety of embedded 32-bit x86 CPUs and high integration PowerPCs from Motorola (8xx and 82xx) and IBM (4xx), a well as ports for MIPS chips popular in networking, and emerging CPUs like StrongARM.
Open Source Flash File Systems:
Distribution-limited enabling flash technology available today will either move to GPL practices or be replaced by new software and hardware solutions.
CompactPCI Hot Swap Support:
Ports of Linux today exist for CPCI systems from vendors like FORCE, Motorola, and Ziatech, with either no PCIMG hot swap or hardware-specific support. In 2000 common models for Linux hot swap aware drivers (HSADs) will support these and other vendors.
CPCI Backplane Networking:
Today several backplane networking/messaging solutions exist for Linux on CPCI (e.g., MontaVista’s MontaVista Net). PCIMG is moving quickly to standardize schemes for passing raw and IP data packets over the CPCI chassis bus and Linux is likely to be the first OS to support.
High Availability Frameworks:
HA-specialists (like goahead), protocol stack vendors, hardware vendors, and Linux suppliers will variously partner to supply HA framework software, and to bind existing frameworks to specific hardware configurations, in increasingly non-chassis-specific ways. Expect to see HA framework components for Linux, like journaling file systems, clustering software, and policy databases.
Enhanced Real-Support:
Linux will become more real-time/deterministic in performance, both through kernel substitution strategies and through enhancements to the standard kernel(s). The continuing trend of faster silicon is likely to make some real-time concerns moot.
More Options in Tools:
Traditional cross development tool vendors will make available both workstation Linux hosting and embedded Linux targeting tool sets for C, C++, Java, IDEs, and high-level design tools that complement or compete with Gnu.
Embedded Linux Tools:
Expect to see tools targeted specifically at embedded Linux, including GUI-based scaling/configuration tools, small GUIs (not X-based), tiny web servers.
Open vs. Closed Source:
The next year will bring both new open source technology options and availability of licensed intellectual property in a Linux context.
These developments and others, technical and markets-based, will bring embedded Linux into traditional domains of the proprietary RTOS. Linux, with its wealth of networking software, will very naturally accompany the Internet revolution as host to applications like Internet-enabled multi-media, SOHO office appliances, and home network gateways, as well as find its way into both shelf and card controllers for large communications switches, routers, and other infrastructure equipment. Industrial control, robotics, instrumentation — all traditional domains of the proprietary RTOS, have projects that are either implementing today or planning shortly to implement Linux-based systems.
Linux Caché
In the past, choice of embedded software components was a closely-held trade secret; implementation specifics, including the embedded OS, could confer significant competitive advantage. Marketers at embedded OS vendors despaired of ever being able to crow about design wins — either the project languished, or the application designer remained tight-lipped when it came to PR.
Compare new designs based upon Linux — when before have high-tech product marketers touted their companies’ choice of operating system? "Linux Inside" is now appearing on the outside of products. When have manufacturers been able to use their embedded OS choice as a hiring incentive? Linux expertise is not just in high demand, it is a major employment draw across the country. And when have inherent economies freed the embedded developer from being a hostage to imperious tools and OS vendors? Today. That’s when, with embedded Linux.
References
Raymond, Eric S. [1999]. "The Magic Cauldron", from The Cathedral & the Bazaar. O’Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol, CA.
Ready, James. [1999]. "Running Linux on a Dual Processor/SBC CompactPCI System". RTC — Software Updates, September.
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嵌入式Linux嵌入式系统设计师商业模式一直面临的前景勉强收购开发工具. 首先是从每贴休克议席专有工具套售价一万至两万元. 接下来就是斤斤计较磨合时间定价. 虽然一些典型低端嵌入式操作系统厂商提供运行时买断期权,最重部署专利 不仅仅是内核,但每有用的成分. 这些磨合的时间成本大大地提高发展成本,或者影响成本-货物卖出你的产品, 细化边缘,威胁你的时间有时岌岌可危到货量. 所有权嵌入式操作系统厂商试图前负荷的商业关系(即使是充电版税) 从而很少或没有兴趣或耐心一辆工程得以完成. "驱车卖"共同旧地重游来源于技术锁定,不追求卓越的服务. 因此,大多数商业嵌入式操作系统供应商支持享受只有10-15%的更新率对比嵌入式Linux的商业模式. 不是出于谋生的知识产权,嵌入式Linux供应商提供的征订、专业服务、Monta案件, 规范的嵌入式Linux分布(MontaLinux系统). 收取合理费用,为嵌入式Linux的订阅,基于一个稳定、有效的分配, 是一个非常可行的长期经营策略. 这种新的经营模式和技术杠杆测算Linux的开放源码组件,以加速客户的时间对市场 拥有成本优化发展资源、地方重点客户的供应关系. 嵌入式Linux供应商,像Monta, 必须证明自己的价值(办)结合嵌入式Linux和开放源证书和实时专长, 在专业组织的支持. 为了你的嵌入式开发商是谁供应你们的生死项目的成功. 未来主流嵌入式Linux嵌入式培养嵌入式应用 将出现几个有利的科技在未来12个月:嵌入式处理器支持: 虽然目前Linux的分布最为集中的英特尔奔腾、次 2000年权证将支持多种嵌入式32位X86中央处理器和高集成powerpcs摩托罗拉(8 某某和82xx)、IBM公司(4XX),也是精神上的港口流行网络芯片, 丁新兴喜欢StrongARM的中央处理器. 开放源码Flash文件系统: 分布使闪光技术有限公司今天将可要么搬到通用公共许可证做法或改为新的软件和硬件等 克分子. CompactPCI的热插拔支持:Linux的港口今天CPCI的系统供应商如存在武力,摩托罗拉、ziatech, 不论任何pcimg热插拔硬件或特定的支持. 2000年普通模式Linux下热插拔知道司机(hsads)将支持这些以及其他商贩. CPCI的背板联网:今日数背板联网/短信解决存在于CPCI的Linux系统(例如,Monta的Monta美元). pcimg正加快规范计划通过生肉和IP数据包比CPCI的底盘和巴士 Linux是第一个可能是操作系统支持. 高可用性框架:房-专科医生(如往前走)、协议栈厂商,硬件销售商, Linux的供应商和供应商伙伴将各种架构下软件 具体约束和硬件配置现有框架,在日益非底盘具体办法. 希望看到房Linux的框架组件,如撰写文件系统,集群软件、数据库和政策. 强化实战支持:Linux系统将变得更加real-time/deterministic性能 通过内核替代战略,并通过加强对标准内核(收盘). 硅持续较快有可能使一些实时模拟关切. 更多选择工具: 传统交叉开发工具厂商都将提供工作站、嵌入式Linux针对Linux的主办工具集丙、丙+ +、爪哇、理念、高层次的设计工具,或者跟GNU或者补足. 嵌入式Linux工具:期待有专门针对嵌入式Linux的工具,包括贵为本结垢/配置工具 小图形(不乘为本),小小伺服器. 开放与封闭的来源: 明年将选择新的开放源码技术和知识产权提供了Linux合作牌 ntext. 这些发展及其他技术和市场为基础,将进入传统领域的嵌入式Linux操作系统专有. Linux系统,以其丰富的网络软件 伴随互联网革命会很自然地应用作为东道主一样上网的多媒体,苏荷办公用具 家庭网络和网关, 以及闯过两成货架卡、通信控制器大型交换机,路由器, 和其他基础设施设备. 工业控制、机器人、仪器--所有传统领域的专有操作系统, 已实施的项目,无论是今天或短期规划执行Linux的系统. Linux的系统Cach在过去,选择嵌入式软件组件是密切掌握商业秘密; 具体实施、 包括嵌入式操作系统,可以授予重大竞争优势. 嵌入式操作系统厂商在行销绝望越来越能设计获胜乌鸦无论项目凋敝, 设计师或申请维持守口如瓶说到公关. 根据新设计比较Linux的时候才具有高技术产品行销利器公司的操作系统选择? "Linux系统内"现已出现在境外的产品. 当厂商都可以用嵌入式操作系统选择租用诱因? 不仅仅是在Linux的专长的需求很高,这是一个重大的就业提请全国推开. 当有内在经济发展嵌入式释放一名人质被商贩以专横的工具和操作系统? 今天. 这回,嵌入式Linux. 参考资料锺华庆第[1999]. "魔术饭",从大教堂与市集. 若干题目雷焕,的Sebastopol,钙. 准备詹姆斯. [1999]. "跑在Linux的双处理器/西南贝尔的CompactPCI系统". 美国RTC--软件更新9.
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声明: 本页内容为中国Linux论坛的内容镜像，文章的版权以及其他所有的相关权利属于中国Linux论坛和相应文章的作者，如果转载，请注明文章来源及相关版权信息。